The Ancient Jade Mine Discovered in Dunhuang Hanxia of Northern Gansu Province: A Potential Important Source of Jade Material in Early Stage of China

Zhili QIU; Yuefeng ZHANG; Jiong YANG; Hui WANG; Guoke CHEN; Yinde LI; Shizhen ZONG; Zhiyong GUO; Yishi YANG; Xianzi GU; Xu YE

doi:10.15964/j.cnki.027jgg.2020.05.001

Volume 22 Issue 5

Dec. 2020

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Gems & Gemmology > 2020 > 22(5): 1-12

Zhili QIU, Yuefeng ZHANG, Jiong YANG, Hui WANG, Guoke CHEN, Yinde LI, Shizhen ZONG, Zhiyong GUO, Yishi YANG, Xianzi GU, Xu YE. The Ancient Jade Mine Discovered in Dunhuang Hanxia of Northern Gansu Province: A Potential Important Source of Jade Material in Early Stage of China[J]. Journal of Gems & Gemmology , 2020, 22(5): 1-12. doi: 10.15964/j.cnki.027jgg.2020.05.001

Citation:

Zhili QIU, Yuefeng ZHANG, Jiong YANG, Hui WANG, Guoke CHEN, Yinde LI, Shizhen ZONG, Zhiyong GUO, Yishi YANG, Xianzi GU, Xu YE. The Ancient Jade Mine Discovered in Dunhuang Hanxia of Northern Gansu Province: A Potential Important Source of Jade Material in Early Stage of China[J]. Journal of Gems & Gemmology , 2020, 22(5): 1-12. doi: 10.15964/j.cnki.027jgg.2020.05.001

Citation:

Zhili QIU, Yuefeng ZHANG, Jiong YANG, Hui WANG, Guoke CHEN, Yinde LI, Shizhen ZONG, Zhiyong GUO, Yishi YANG, Xianzi GU, Xu YE. The Ancient Jade Mine Discovered in Dunhuang Hanxia of Northern Gansu Province: A Potential Important Source of Jade Material in Early Stage of China[J]. Journal of Gems & Gemmology , 2020, 22(5): 1-12. doi: 10.15964/j.cnki.027jgg.2020.05.001

PDF( 6893 KB)

The Ancient Jade Mine Discovered in Dunhuang Hanxia of Northern Gansu Province: A Potential Important Source of Jade Material in Early Stage of China

doi: 10.15964/j.cnki.027jgg.2020.05.001

1.
School of Earth Sciences & Engineering/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Geodynamic & Geological Hazards/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Geological Process & Mineral Resources Exploration, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
2.
Gansu Institute of Archaeology & Cultural Relic, Lanzhou 730000, China
3.
Xuzhou Museum, Xuzhou 221009, China
4.
Shanxi Museum, Taiyuan 030024, China
5.
Shanghai Museum, Shanghai 200003, China
6.
School of Tourism, Taishan University, Taian 271021, China

Received Date: 2020-10-16
Publish Date: 2020-12-12

Abstract

Abstract

The discovery of ancient jade mining sites is of great value for the confirmation of the origin of jade artifacts unearthed from archaeological sites. Dunhuang Hanxia ancient jade mining site is located in the southeast of Dunhuang city, and was discovered by the research team of Gansu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the School of Earth Science and Engineering of Sun Yat-sen University jointly under the guidance of local amateur in September 2015. In the same year, 145 remains related to various types of mining on the ground were identified in Hanxia. The formal research supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China on Dunhuang ancient jade mine and jade material transmission have been carried out since 2016. The site was officially excavated by the Gansu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in 2019. According to the dating of carbon isotope and cultural types of pottery, the earliest mining age of the site is confirmed to be 4 000 years ago. Based on the research with the scattered jade materials near the mine and the excavation jade materials, the main jade material of Hanxia jade mining sites in Dunhuang is nephrite, which can be divided into primary jade and Gobi material by their occurrence, and can be further grouped into white jade, green-white / yellow-white jade and other types by colour. According to the relationship between the occurrence of the mineralization and magmatic rocks, we confirm that the ancient jade deposits belong to the genesis of contact metasomatism. The jade materials can also be split into two types, i.e. metasomatic replacement jade material(R- type)and hydrothermal precipitation material(P-type). Initial evidence shows that in the late Neolithic period, the jade materials from the ancient jade mining (sites) in Northern Gansu Province entered the Central Plains of China and indicates that Mazongshan and Dunhuang Hanxia ancient jade deposits in Northern Gansu Province are potential important sources of jade materials in early stage of China.
- ancient jade mine,
- site,
- nephrite,
- the late Neolithic period,
- origin

FullText(HTML)

References(55)

References

[1]	张光直.谈"琮"及其在中国古史上的意义[A].文物与考古论集[C].北京: 文物出版社, 1986.
[2]	闻广.玉的评价标志[J].矿物岩石地球化学通讯, 1989(3):191-192.
[3]	杨伯达.中国和田玉玉文化叙要[J].中国历史文物, 2002(6):66-73. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yskwxzz2002z1002
[4]	王永波.玉器研究的理论思考[J].中原文物, 2002(5):24-29. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zyww200205003
[5]	费孝通.中国古代玉器与中华民族多元一体格局[J].思想战线, 2003, 29(6):1-4. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/sxzx200306001
[6]	方向明.聚落变迁和统一信仰的形成:从崧泽到良渚[J].东南文化, 2015, 243 (1):102-112. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/82619X/201501/1005684946.html
[7]	邓淑苹.楚式礼玉——远古"物精崇拜"与"天体崇拜"的融合创新[J].湖南省博物馆馆刊, 2018(14):85-110. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/73083X/20181/72786687504849564848484954.html
[8]	孙守道.红山玉祖神之衣冠、乘跷及玉产地[A].海峡两岸古玉学会议论文专辑[C].中国台北: 台湾大学出版社, 2001: 179-186.
[9]	杨伯达.丁沙地遗址出土"玉角"考——溧阳小梅岭玉及句容茅山石即"瑶琨"[J].东南文化, 2001, 147(7):67-70. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DNWH200107012.htm
[10]	栾秉璈.史前古玉玉质及玉料来源问题研究[J].南阳师范学院学报(社会科学版), 2005, 4(2):113-116. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-NYSF200502027.htm
[11]	Hung H C, Yoshiyuki L, Bellwood P, et al. Ancient jades map 3, 000 years of prehistoric exchange in Southeast Asia[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007, 104(50):19 745-19 750. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707304104
[12]	丘志力, 王辉, 陈国科, 等.马鬃山古采矿遗址群玉料及夏商时期中国"玉器工业"刍议[A].夏商玉器及玉文化学术研讨会论文集[C].广州: 岭南美术出版社, 2018: 320-324.
[13]	陈国科, 丘志力, 蒋超年, 等.甘肃敦煌旱峡玉矿遗址考古调查报告[J].考古与文物, 2019(4):12-22. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/97494X/201904/75718987504849574852484850.html
[14]	张渊, 王玉玺, 王军, 等.敦煌地块南缘多坝沟地区主要地质成矿特征及找矿方向[J].甘肃地质, 2018, 27(3/4):34-41. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/96503X/20183/7001584922.html
[15]	赵燕, 孙勇.敦煌复合造山带前寒武纪地质体的组成和演化[J].岩石学报, 2018, 34(4):963-980. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ysxb98201804007
[16]	王洪亮, 何世平, 陈隽璐, 等.甘肃马衔山花岗岩杂岩体LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年及其构造意义[J].地质学报, 2007, 81(1):72-78. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DZXE200701008.htm
[17]	徐学义, 何世平, 王洪亮, 等.早古生代北秦岭-北祁连结合部构造格局的地层及构造岩浆事件约束[J].西北地质, 2008(1):1-21. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xbdz200801001
[18]	朱涛, 王洪亮, 徐学义, 等.敦煌地块南缘石炭纪埃达克岩的发现及其地质意义[J].岩石学报, 2014, 30(2):491-502. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YSXB201402013.htm
[19]	张建新, 李怀坤, 孟繁聪, 等.塔里木盆地东南缘(阿尔金山)"变质基底"记录的多期构造热事件:锆石U-Pb年代学的制约[J].岩石学报, 2011, 27(1):23-46. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YSXB201101003.htm
[20]	王楠, 吴才来, 马昌前, 等.敦煌地块南部古生代花岗岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素特征研究[J].岩石学报, 2016, 32(12):3 753-3 780. http://qikan.cqvip.com/Qikan/Article/Detail?id=670978888
[21]	赵燕, 第五春荣, 朱涛, 等.敦煌三危山地区晚泥盆世斜长花岗岩的发现及其地质意义[J].岩石学报, 2015, 31(7):1 855-1 869. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YSXB201507004.htm
[22]	陈国科, 蒋超年, 王辉, 等.甘肃肃北县马鬃山玉矿遗址[J].考古, 2015(7):3-14. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-KAGU201507002.htm
[23]	苗平, 韩飞, 孙明霞, 等.甘肃肃北马鬃山径保尔草场玉矿遗址2016年发掘简报[J].文物, 2020(2):31-45+1. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/97337X/20204/7101705556.html
[24]	Harlow G E, Sorensen S S. Jade (nephrite and jadeitite) and serpentinite:Metasomatic connections[J]. International Geology Review, 2005, 47(2):113-146. doi: 10.2747/0020-6814.47.2.113
[25]	丘志力.新疆和田地区和田玉两种成玉机制探讨[A].中国矿物岩石地球化学学会第15届学术年会论文摘要集[C].中国矿物岩石地球化学会, 2015: 43-44.
[26]	杨炯, 丘志力, 张跃峰, 等.透闪石质玉成矿类型新划分及其对丝绸之路古玉器溯源的指示[A].甘肃省文物考古研究所等编著.丝绸之路玉秦汉文明: 丝绸之路玉秦汉文明国际学术研讨会论文集[C].北京: 文物出版社, 2020.
[27]	陈国科, 王辉, 李延祥.甘肃肃北马鬃山古玉矿遗址调查简报[J].文物, 2010(10):27-33+1. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-WENW201010004.htm
[28]	于明.新疆和田玉开采史[M].北京:科学出版社, 2018.
[29]	甘肃省地质矿产局.甘肃省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社, 1989.
[30]	于庆文, 李树才, 校培喜, 等.中国透闪石玉和蛇纹石玉[M].北京:地质出版社, 2017.
[31]	夏鼐.汉代的玉器——汉代玉器中传统的延续和变化[J].考古学报, 1983(2):125-145.
[32]	王时麟.岫岩软玉与红山文化[A].海峡两岸古玉学会议论文专辑[C].中国台北: 台湾大学出版社, 2001: 525-530.
[33]	王时麒.岫岩软玉与红山文化[J].鞍山师范学院学报, 2004, 6(3):40-43.
[34]	古方.良渚玉器部分玉料来源的蠡测[J].华夏考古. 2007(1):75-79.
[35]	王强.海岱地区新石器时代玉料来源及琢玉工艺初探[J].华夏考古, 2008(2):76-83. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-HXKG200802007.htm
[36]	向芳, 王成善, 杨永富, 等.金沙遗址玉器的材质来源探讨[J].江汉考古, 2008(3):104-108. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JHKG200803014.htm
[37]	朱海信, 承焕生, 杨福家, 等.福泉山良渚文化玉器的PIXE分析[J].核技术, 2001(2):149-153.
[38]	程军, 王昌燧, 李德文, 等.良渚文化遗址及放王岗汉墓出土玉器的物相及微量元素测试分析[J].考古, 2005(7):70-75. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-KAGU200507012.htm
[39]	黄翠梅, 叶贵玉.从红山与良渚文化玉器论艺术形式与材料来源的因果关系[A].赤峰学院红山文化国际研究中心.红山文化研究——2004年红山文化国际学术研讨会论文集[C].北京: 文物出版社, 2006.
[40]	谷娴子, 李银德, 丘志力, 等.徐州狮子山楚王陵出土金缕玉衣和镶玉漆棺的玉料组分特征及产地来源研究[J].文物保护与考古科学, 2010(4):54-63. http://qikan.cqvip.com/Qikan/Article/Detail?id=36156528
[41]	干福熹.中国古代玉器和玉石科技考古研究的几点看法[J].文物保护与考古科学, 2008 (20):17-26.
[42]	李晶, 高洁, 童欣然, 等.江苏溧阳软玉与良渚文化庄桥坟遗址出土软玉的特征对比研究[J].宝石和宝石学杂志, 2010, 12(3):19-25, 33. https://bshb.chinajournal.net.cn/WKD/WebPublication/paperDigest.aspx?paperID=0a1ca941-3ffc-42e9-8e4d-1c05080278a7
[43]	岳超龙, 朱剑.中国古代玉器科技研究述评[J].中国科技史杂志, 2017, 38(1):111-122.
[44]	丘志力, 杨炯, 张跃峰, 等.中国古代玉器玉料溯源: 岩矿地球化学技术应用及存在问题[A].中国矿物岩石地球化学学会第17届学术年会议论文摘要[C].贵州: 中国矿物岩石地球化学学会, 2019.
[45]	闻广.苏南新石器时代玉器的考古地质学研究[J].考古, 1986(10):42-49.
[46]	冯敏, 毛振伟, 潘伟斌, 等.贾湖遗址绿松石产地初探[J].文物保护与考古科学, 2003, 8(15):9-12.
[47]	周述蓉.氩氩同位素定年法在殷商文化玉器考古上之应用[A]. 2004年安阳殷商文明国际学术研讨会论文集[C].北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2004: 626-633.
[48]	王时麒, 于洸, 员雪梅.论古玉器原料产地探源的方法[A].中国玉文化玉学论丛三编[C].北京: 紫禁城出版社, 2005.
[49]	王时麒, 员雪梅.论同位素方法在判别古玉器玉料产地来源中的应用[A].首届"地球科学与文化"学术研讨会暨地质学史专业委员会第17届学术年会论文集[C].北京: 中国地质学会, 2005: 234-242.
[50]	员雪梅, 赵朝洪, 王金平, 等.侯马东周祭祀遗址出土玉器材质的矿物学测试及产源分析[J].中原文物, 2007(1):88-95.
[51]	Wang R. Progress review of the scientific study of Chinese ancient jade[J]. Archaeometry, 2011, 53(4): 674-692. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2010.00564.x
[52]	董俊卿, 王永亚, 干福熹, 等.利用PIXE和ICP-AES对蛇纹石原料及中国古代蛇纹石玉器的微量元素分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2016, 36(11):3 780-3 788.
[53]	干福熹, 曹锦炎, 承焕生, 等.浙江余杭良渚遗址群出土玉器的无损分析研究[J].中国科学:技术科学, 2011, 41(1):1-15.
[54]	Adams C J, Beck R J A. Signature for nephrite jade using its strontium isotopic composition:Some Pacific Rim examples[J]. The Journal of Gemmology, 2009 (31):153-162.
[55]	Schmitt A K, Liu M C, Kohl I E. Sensitive and rapid oxygen isotopic analysis of nephrite jade using large-geometry SIMS[J]. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2019, 34(3):561-569. doi: 10.1039/C8JA00424B