铜镀金嵌玉石玻璃长方盆蜜蜡月季盆景的保护与修复研究

Conservation and Restoration of a Rectangular Gilt-Bronze Flowerpot Inlaid with Jade and Glass, Featuring an Amber Chinese Rose Miniature Landscape

  • 摘要: 故宫博物院藏铜镀金嵌玉石玻璃长方盆蜜蜡月季盆景原状陈列于长春宫体元殿。该盆景写实度较高,色彩搭配丰富,存在同株不同色的花卉设计;盆体采用仿西洋造型,借鉴钟表类工艺,体现了中西交融的艺术审美特性。由于长期原状陈列,该盆景存在较多病害,如表面灰尘堆积、嵌件松动与脱落、点翠表面旧修痕迹、整体结构松动等。为修复花卉嵌件脱落和点翠表面旧修痕迹,采用肉眼观察与激光拉曼光谱分析相结合的方法,对不同月季花卉及点翠表面颜料进行检测,确认花卉材质包含水晶、紫水晶、透闪石、玻璃、珊瑚、碧玺、玛瑙和蜜蜡共8种,点翠表面颜料为锌白,普鲁士蓝及群青。本次保护修复有效解决了早期修复颜料去除、老化胶粘剂清除和珐琅嵌件拴系等3个关键问题,为同类文物的修复提供了借鉴案例。

     

    Abstract: The National Palace Museum collection, rectangular gilt-bronze flowerpot inlaid with jade and glass, featuring an amber Chinese rose miniature landscape, was originally displayed in the Tiyuan Hall of Changchun Palace. This miniature landscape exhibits a high degree of realism and varied colour palette, featuring flowers of different colours on the same plant. The flowerpot adopts a Western-inspired form and draws on clockmaking techniques, reflecting a fusion of Chinese and Western artistic aesthetics. Due to its long-term display in its original setting, the miniature landscape suffers from various damages, such as accumulated surface dust, loose or detached inlays, old restoration marks on the kingfisher feather (Diancui) surfaces, and an overall loose structure. To address the detachment of the inlays and the old restoration traces on the kingfisher feather surfaces, this study employed visual observation combined with laser Raman spectroscopy to analyze the materials and pigments on different flowers and feather surfaces. The results indicate that the flowers were made of 8 materials: crystal, amethyst, tremolite, glass, coral, tourmaline, agate, and amber. And the pigments on the feather surface were identified as zinc white, Prussian blue, and ultramarine. This conservation and restoration effort resolved 3 key issues: the removal of early restoration pigments, the removal of aged adhesives, and the reattachment of enamel inlays, providing a valuable reference for the future restoration of similar cultural relics.

     

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