西藏罗布莎地区绿色石榴子石的宝石学和矿物学特征

Gemmological and Mineralogical Characteristics of Green Garnet from Luobusha, Xizang, China

  • 摘要: 石榴子石产地分布广泛,是重要的宝石学和矿物学研究对象,但对西藏罗布莎地区的绿色石榴子石的系统研究较少。本研究通过常规宝石学仪器、电子探针、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、显微紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪以及单晶X射线衍射分析等对西藏罗布莎地区的绿色石榴子石样品进行了测试,旨在获得该地区此类石榴子石的宝石学及矿物学特征。结果表明,西藏罗布莎绿色石榴子石呈浅绿色-深绿色,相对密度为3.46~3.73,放大观察可见大量纤维状包裹体,经拉曼光谱分析确认为透辉石。石榴子石内部包裹体种类多样,透辉石、阳起石等指示西藏罗布莎绿色石榴子石产出于矽卡岩。电子探针测试数据计算得到石榴子石的平均晶体化学式为(Ca2.581Mn0.332Fe0.094Mg0.005)Σ3.011(Al1.560Cr0.350Fe0.097Ti0.036)Σ2.014Si2.976O12,表明其主要组成为钙铝榴石。单晶X射线衍射分析结果显示,其晶胞参数为a0= 1.184 3(2) nm。紫外-可见吸收光谱表明,其致色元素主要为Cr3+与Fe3+,其中438 nm处的吸收宽带由Fe3+6A1g(6S)→4A1g4Eg(4G)跃迁以及Cr3+4A2g(4F)→4T1g(4F),4T2g(4F) d—d电子自旋允许跃迁共同造成,605 nm处的宽吸收带由八面体位的Cr3+相应跃迁产生。

     

    Abstract: Garnet deposits are widely distributed and it is an important gemmological and mineralogical research object. However, systematic studies on green garnets from the Luobusha area of Xizang are limited. In this paper, green garnet samples from the Luobusha area were tested by conventional gemmological instruments, electron microprobe, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, laser Raman spectrometer, scanning electron microscope-energy spectrometer, microscopic UV-visible-near infrared spectrometer, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, aiming to obtain the gemmological and mineralogical characteristics of garnets from this area. The results showed that the green garnet samples from Luobusha, Xizang, exhibit a colour range from light green to dark green with a relative densitie of 3.46-3.73. A large number of fibrous inclusions can be seen under magnified observation, which were confirmed to be tremolite by Raman spectroscopic analysis. The garnets contain a variety of inclusions such as diopside and actinolite, which indicated that the green garnets from Luobusha, Xizang, are produced in skarn deposit. The average crystal chemical formula of the green garnet, from electron microprobe test data calculation, is (Ca2.581Mn0.332Fe0.094Mg0.005)Σ3.011(Al1.560Cr0.350Fe0.097Ti0.036)Σ2.014Si2.976O12, suggesting that its main mineralogical component is grossular. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that its lattice parameter is a0= 1.184 3(2) nm. The ultraviolet absorption spectra showed that the main chromogenic elements are Cr3+ and Fe3+, in which the 438 nm absorption broad band is caused by the 6A1g(6S)→4A1g, 4Eg(4G) leaps of Fe3+ and the d—d electron spin-allowed leaps of 4A2g(4F)→4T1g (4F), 4T2g(4F) of Cr3+. And the broad absorption band at 605 nm is generated by the corresponding leaps of Cr3+ at the octahedral site.

     

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