Abstract: The global resource-governance architecture is complex, and the diamond industry's sustainability faces a structural supply-chain trust crisis. In 2003, the UN-endorsed Kimberley Process began regulating international trade in rough diamonds via certificates of origin; traceability is both its basis and support. Technical traceability, covering morphology statistics, inclusion features, spectroscopic signatures, trace-element profiles and carbon-isotope ratios, yields statistical or fingerprint criteria for provenance. New commercial coding, including persistent digital identities, strengthens identity continuity; end-to-end data capture from mine to market remains the most practicable pathway. Managerial traceability, the institutional core, uses official certificates, government accreditation and industry standards to secure the verifiability of origin and movement, while legacy offline controls migrate to encrypted digital certification. The blockchain-based platform of UAE(United Arab Emirates) advances multilateral, cross-stage verification. The Kimberley Process aligns technologies and institutions, offering a workable template for sustainable resource industries.