Abstract: After years of development, the jewelry industry in various provinces and cities in China has shown an obvious agglomeration phenomenon, and the jewelry industry clusters in different provinces show distinct differences due to different development conditions. This study aims to construct a competitiveness evaluation model for the provincial jewelry industry clusters in China, analyzes the main factors affecting its development and deeply explores the regional imbalance in the development process of China's jewelry industry clusters, so as to provide scientific basis and practical guidance for the improvement of its overall competitiveness. The study first improves and adjusts the traditional GEM model, and constructs a G²EMS model framework that adapts to the competitiveness evaluation of jewelry industry clusters. Through literature review and expert interview, the indicators under the framework are defined, and then the competitiveness evaluation index system is established. The study then uses the location-quotient method to identify the jewelry industry clusters within China's provinces. The results show that apart from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, eight provincial jewelry industry clusters have been formed in China. Again, this study selects representative quantitative indicators to measure each secondary indicator, collects the data of each indicator of provincial jewelry industry clusters, and assigns the weights to each indicator by combining the entropy value method after normalization. Finally, the comprehensive competitiveness score of provincial jewelry industry clusters is calculated by weighted average of each index data and comprehensive weights. The competitiveness is classified according to the score value by systematic clustering method, and the comprehensive competitiveness level and internal competitiveness of various factors of China's provincial jewelry industry clusters are empirically analyzed.