故宫博物院藏清代铜镀金牛驮瓶花表中璎珞的材质、工艺和保护修复研究

Research on Material, Craft, Conservation and Restoration of Yingluo in the Clock with Gold-Plated Copper Bull and Vase from Qing Dynasty in the Place Museum

  • 摘要: 18世纪英国制造的铜镀金牛驮瓶花表是清宫观赏型西洋钟表的典型器物,原放置于故宫养心殿东暖阁。由于金属丝伤断造成金牛背覆装饰的珍珠璎珞散落脱缺,所以在恢复钟表走时功能后对璎珞部分进行抢救性修复和外观复原。修复前,使用三维视频以及X射线荧光光谱仪对穿制璎珞部分的金属丝和珍珠进行尺寸测量和材质检测。结果显示,璎珞原件使用直径0.15 mm、含95%Ag的镀金银丝、三种尺寸大小(直径分别为1.1 mm、1.6 mm、2.2 mm)的海水珍珠以及绿色珐琅珠托;形制为四线连环穿缀的网状珠链及珍珠流苏。修复时采用了含99%Ag的银丝以及同原件规格的珍珠。根据相关档案资料可知,清代宫廷中的璎珞常被用于佛教器物、宫灯和动物题材器物三类场景,串制材质有丝棉线和金属丝线两种。本次保护修复为今后金属丝型璎珞文物的保护修复提供一定的参考资料。

     

    Abstract: The clock with gold-plated copper bull and vase made in Britain in the 18th century is a typical instrument of western clocks in the Qing Palace, which was originally placed in the eastern warm room of the Hall of Mental Cultivation in the Place Museum. Due to the breakage of the metal wire, the pearls on the Yingluo decorated on the back of the copper bull were scattered and missing. Therefore, the rescue repair and appearance restoration of the Yingluo part was carried out after the function restoring of the clock. Before the restoration, three-dimensional video and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer were used to measure the size and materials of the metal wires and pearls of the Yingluo part. The results showed that the original Yingluo was made of gold-plated silver wire with a diameter of 0.15 mm, containing 95 % Ag, three sizes of seawater pearls (the diameter of 1.1 mm, 1.6 mm, 2.2 mm, respectively) and green enamel beads. The compilation of Yingluo is a four-wires interlocking netlike bead chain and pearl tassels. In the reparative process, the silver wires containing 99% Ag and the pearls with similar sizes as the originals were used. According to relevant archives, Yingluo in the palace of the Qing Dynasty was often used in three types of scenes: Buddhist artifacts, palace lanterns and animal-themed artifacts. There are two kinds of stringing materials: real silk thread and metal thread. The protection and restoration of the Yingluo part in the clock with gold-plated copper bull and vase cultural relic provides a reference for the protection and restoration of Yingluo with metal thread.

     

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