三星堆遗址出土饱水象牙文物的加固保护研究

陈华; 李取傲; 曹明灿; 陈绍慧; 雷琼; 陈柳杏; 魏卓呈; 袁俊霞; 杨丽霞

doi:10.15964/j.cnki.027jgg.2024.05.001

三星堆遗址出土饱水象牙文物的加固保护研究

1.
荆州文物保护中心，湖北荆州 434020
2.
中国地质大学(武汉)材料与化学学院，湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目——出土饱水象牙脱水加固关键技术研发与应用示范项目 2022YFF0904000

详细信息

作者简介:
陈华(1972-)，男，副研究馆员，主要从事文物保护学方面的研究工作。E-mail: 327352561@qq.com

通讯作者:
杨丽霞(1976-)，女，副教授，主要从事腐蚀与防护方面的研究工作。E-mail: yanglx@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: O634.4;TS93
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-14
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-29

A Study on the Reinforcement and Protection of Water-Saturated Ivory Artifacts Unearthed from the Sanxingdui Site

1.
Jingzhou Conservation Center, Jingzhou 434020, China
2.
Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要:
三星堆遗址是迄今为止中国西南地区发现的分布范围最广、延续时间最长、文化内涵最丰富的古蜀文化遗址。该遗址出土的大量、成批的古象牙及象牙器文物具有重要的历史文化价值和科学研究价值。由于出土的象牙文物含水率高、酥粉严重，同时常规骨质文物加固材料(如羟基磷灰石、碳酸钙、Paraloid B72)等渗透性差，导致其加固效果欠佳。为了更有效加固与保护酥粉饱水象牙文物，在认识三星堆遗址出土象牙组成结构和病害类型的基础上，合成制备绿色柔性长链硅氧烷材料对酥粉饱水象牙文物样品进行滴渗加固实验研究，并采用电子万能试验机、静态水接触角测试仪和扫描电子显微镜对加固前后象牙文物的力学性能、微形貌特征和表面水浸润性能进行分析。结果表明，制备的硅氧烷加固材料在饱水象牙文物样品内的渗透性能较好，能够有效填充其孔洞缺陷，防止象牙本体收缩坍塌；加固后象牙文物的力学性能和疏水性能显著提高，且不改变文物原有形貌，是一种适用于潮湿环境下酥粉较为严重的出土饱水象牙文物加固材料。
- 象牙文物 /
- 饱水 /
- 硅氧烷 /
- 加固保护 /
- 三星堆遗址
Abstract:
Sanxingdui site is the ancient Shu cultural ruins with the widest distribution, longest duration and richest cultural connotation found so far in southwest China. The large number of ancient ivory artifacts unearthed at this site have important historical, cultural, and scientific research value. Due to the high moisture content and serious crisp powder problem of the unearthed ivory artifacts, the conventional reinforcement materials for bone artifacts such as hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate and Paraloid B72 have poor permeability and unsatisfactory reinforcement effect. In order to effectively protect ivory artifacts, the green flexible long chain siloxane material was synthesized, and the reinforcement experimental research was carried out by drip infiltration on the basis of understanding the composition structure and disease types of ivory artifacts unearthed at Sanxingdui site. The mechanical properties, micro-morphology and surface water infiltration of reinforced ivory artifacts were studied by means of electronic universal testing machine, scanning electron microscope and static water contact angle tester.The results showed that the prepared siloxane materials had good permeability in the water-saturated ivory artifacts, thus effectively filling the hole defects and preventing the collapse of the body. The mechanical properties and hydrophobicity of the ivory reinforced by the siloxane materials were significantly improved, and the original appearance of the ivory artifacts was not changed. The prepared siloxane materials were suitable for the reinforcement protection of the ivory artifacts with severe crispy powder problem excavated in humid environment.
- ivory artifact /
- water saturation /
- siloxane /
- reinforcement protection /
- Sanxingdui site

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图 1 危地马拉绿色翡翠(“玛雅绿”)代表性样品

Figure 1. Representative Feicui samples from Guatemala ("Maya green")

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图 2 代表性翡翠样品的红外反射光谱

Figure 2. Infrared reflection spectra of representative green Feicui samples

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图 1 三星堆K7、K8祭祀坑内象牙文物的埋藏情况^[1]

Figure 1. Burial of ivory artifacts in K7 and K8 sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui site

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图 2 三星堆遗址祭祀坑出土象牙文物样品和病害(糟朽、饱水、残缺、破裂、裂隙、片状脱落、变形、变色、微生物损害)

Figure 2. Ivory artifacts unearthed from sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui site and their diseases (deterioration, water-saturated, mutilation, rupture, fracture, flaky shedding, deformity, discoloration and microbial damage)

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图 3 三星堆遗址祭祀坑出土象牙文物样品的红外光谱

Figure 3. Infrared spectrum of ivory artifacts unearthed from sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui site

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图 4 经硅氧烷加固前后饱水象牙样品的宏观形貌: (a-b)加固前; (c-d)加固后

Figure 4. Macroscopic features of water-saturated ivory samples: (a-b) before reinforced with siloxane solution; (c-d) after reinforced with siloxane solution

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图 5 经硅氧烷溶液加固后饱水象牙样品的静态水接触角

Figure 5. Contact angle of water-saturated ivory sample reinforced with siloxane solution

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图 6 经硅氧烷加固前后饱水象牙样品的扫描电子显微镜: (a-b)加固前；(c-d)加固后

Figure 6. SEM images of water-saturated ivory samples: (a-b) before reinforced with siloxane solution; (c-d) after reinforced with siloxane solution

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表 1 三星堆遗址祭祀坑出土象牙文物样品的含水率

Table 1 Moisture content of ivory artifacts unearthed from sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui site

象牙碎片	m₁/g	m₂/g	M/%	M_c/%
碎片1	1.051 2	0.658 2	37.39	36.64
碎片2	1.480 4	0.988 4	35.94
碎片3	0.785 5	0.498 2	36.58

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表 2 经硅氧烷溶液加固前后饱水象牙样品的抗压强度

Table 2 Compressive strength of water-saturated ivory samples before and after reinforced with siloxane solution

样品号	抗压强度/MPa		压强增量 /%
样品号	加固前	加固后	压强增量 /%
1	0.17	0.28	64.71
2	0.21	0.34	61.90

下载: 导出CSV

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