SUN Nan, ZHOU Qishen, ZHAO Mancun, XU Yalan, ZHAN Fangmin. A Study on the Price and Investment Return of Colourless Diamond in Auction Market[J]. Journal of Gems & Gemmology, 2024, 26(6): 92-105. DOI: 10.15964/j.cnki.027jgg.2024.06.009
Citation:
SUN Nan, ZHOU Qishen, ZHAO Mancun, XU Yalan, ZHAN Fangmin. A Study on the Price and Investment Return of Colourless Diamond in Auction Market[J]. Journal of Gems & Gemmology, 2024, 26(6): 92-105. DOI: 10.15964/j.cnki.027jgg.2024.06.009
SUN Nan, ZHOU Qishen, ZHAO Mancun, XU Yalan, ZHAN Fangmin. A Study on the Price and Investment Return of Colourless Diamond in Auction Market[J]. Journal of Gems & Gemmology, 2024, 26(6): 92-105. DOI: 10.15964/j.cnki.027jgg.2024.06.009
Citation:
SUN Nan, ZHOU Qishen, ZHAO Mancun, XU Yalan, ZHAN Fangmin. A Study on the Price and Investment Return of Colourless Diamond in Auction Market[J]. Journal of Gems & Gemmology, 2024, 26(6): 92-105. DOI: 10.15964/j.cnki.027jgg.2024.06.009
As the financial system risks escalate, an increasing number of investors are turning their attention to alternative assets as a means of value storage. Diamonds, characterized by their scarcity, durability, and portability, are viewed as commodities with investment potential. To elucidate the investment potential of colourless diamonds for investors, this study examines the risk-return characteristics of colourless diamonds in the auction market from 2009 to 2022. Varying performance was observed among different qualities of colourless diamonds, with high-quality ones yielding the poorest returns, indicating they were not a favorable investment option during the studied period. Conversely, medium-quality colourless diamonds outperformed bonds and precious metals during the same period, making them a viable addition to investment portfolios. Furthermore, this study employs hedonic regression analysis to explore factors influencing the prices of colourless diamonds in the auction market. Notably, the "4Cs" grading system and association with luxury brands significantly impact colourless diamond prices, with the model explaining over 95% of price variations. Lastly, a correlation analysis between other investment assets and colourless diamonds in the auction market reveals no significant correlation, demonstrating that incorporating colourless diamonds into portfolios can offer diversification benefits and mitigate risk.
Liu Y J, Wu J D, Zhang W G. Mixed portfolio optimization model within flexible time horizon[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2024, 32(1): 23-30. (in Chinese)
[2]
Hillier D, Draper P, Faff R. Do precious metals shine? An investment perspective[J]. Financial Analysts Journal, 2006, 62(2): 98-106. doi: 10.2469/faj.v62.n2.4085
[3]
Baur D G, Lucey B M. Is gold a hedge or a safe haven? An analysis of stocks, bonds and gold[J]. Financial Review, 2010, 45(2): 217-229. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6288.2010.00244.x
[4]
Baur D G, McDermott T K. Is gold a safe haven? International evidence[J]. Journal of Banking & Finance, 2010, 34(8): 1 886-1 898.
[5]
Reboredo J C. Is gold a safe haven or a hedge for the US dollar? Implications for risk management[J]. Journal of Banking & Finance, 2013, 37(8): 2 665-2 676.
[6]
Bredin D, Conlon T, Potì V. Does gold glitter in the long-run? Gold as a hedge and safe haven across time and investment horizon[J]. International Review of Financial Analysis, 2015(41): 320-328.
[7]
Baur D G, McDermott T K J. Why is gold a safe haven?[J]. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 2016(10): 63-71.
[8]
Iqbal J. Does gold hedge stock market, inflation and exchange rate risks? An econometric investigation[J]. International Review of Economics & Finance, 2017(48): 1-17.
Guo Y L, Ma F. Forecasting the Chinese gold futures market volatility using Markov-Switching regime and mixed data sampling model[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2024, 32(1): 13-22. (in Chinese)
[10]
Song Y, Song Y, Chang S, et al. The role of gold in terrorism: Risk aversion or financing source?[J]. Resources Policy, 2024(95): 105 201.
[11]
Ngo V M, Van Nguyen P, Hoang Y H. The impacts of geopolitical risks on gold, oil and financial reserve management[J]. Resources Policy, 2024(90): 104 688.
[12]
Terraza V, Boru pek A, Rounaghi M M. The nexus between the volatility of Bitcoin, gold, and American stock markets during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from VAR-DCC-EGARCH and ANN models[J]. Financial Innovation, 2024, 10(1): 22. doi: 10.1186/s40854-023-00520-3
[13]
Yang M, Wang R, Zeng Z, et al. Improved prediction of global gold prices: An innovative Hurst-reconfiguration-based machine learning approach[J]. Resources Policy, 2024(88): 104 430.
[14]
Ibrahim B A, Elamer A A, Alasker T H, et al. Volatility contagion between cryptocurrencies, gold and stock markets pre-and-during COVID-19: Evidence using DCC-GARCH and cascade-correlation network[J]. Financial Innovation, 2024, 10(1): 104. doi: 10.1186/s40854-023-00605-z
[15]
Conover C M, Jensen G R, Johnson R R, et al. Can precious metals make your portfolio shine?[J]. Journal of Investing, 2009, 18(1): 75-86. doi: 10.3905/JOI.2009.18.1.075
[16]
Belousova J, Dorfleitner G. On the diversification benefits of commodities from the perspective of euro investors[J]. Journal of Banking & Finance, 2012, 36(9): 2 455-2 472.
[17]
Lucey B M, Li S. What precious metals act as safe havens, and when? Some US evidence[J]. Applied Economics Letters, 2015, 22(1): 35-45. doi: 10.1080/13504851.2014.920471
[18]
Bredin D, Conlon T, Potì V. The price of shelter-Downside risk reduction with precious metals[J]. International Review of Financial Analysis, 2017(49): 48-58.
[19]
Bedoui R, Guesmi K, Kalai S, et al. Diamonds versus precious metals: What gleams most against USD exchange rates?[J]. Finance Research Letters, 2020(34): 101 253.
[20]
Plastun A, Bouri E, Havrylina A, et al. Calendar anomalies in passion investments: Price patterns and profit opportunities[J]. Research in International Business and Finance, 2022(61): 101 678.
[21]
Thomsen L, Hess M. Dialectics of association and dissociation: Spaces of valuation, trade, and retail in the gemstone and jewelry sector[J]. Economic Geography, 2022, 98(1): 49-67. doi: 10.1080/00130095.2021.1989302
[22]
Potrykus M. Diamond investments-Is the market free from multiple price bubbles?[J]. International Review of Financial Analysis, 2022(83): 102 329.
[23]
Auer B R, Schuhmacher F. Diamonds-A precious new asset?[J]. International Review of Financial Analysis, 2013(28): 182-189.
[24]
Auer B R. Could diamonds become an investor's best friend?[J]. Review of Managerial Science, 2014(8): 351-383.
[25]
Low R K Y, Yao Y, Faff R. Diamonds vs. precious metals: What shines brightest in your investment portfolio?[J]. International Review of Financial Analysis, 2016(43): 1-14.
[26]
D'Ecclesia R L, Jotanovic V. Are diamonds a safe haven?[J]. Review of Managerial Science, 2018(12): 937-968.
[27]
Renneboog L, Spaenjers C. Hard assets: The returns on rare diamonds and gems[J]. Finance Research Letters, 2012, 9(4): 220-230. doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2012.07.003
[28]
Jotanovic V, D'Ecclesia R L. Do diamond stocks shine brighter than diamonds?[J]. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 2019, 12(2): 79. doi: 10.3390/jrfm12020079
[29]
Barbi M, Geman H, Romagnoli S. Diamonds and precious metals for reduction of portfolio tail risk[J]. Applied Economics, 2020, 52(26): 2 841-2 861. doi: 10.1080/00036846.2019.1696938
[30]
Yousaf I, Assaf A, Demir E. Relationship between real estate tokens and other asset classes: Evidence from quantile connectedness approach[J]. Research in International Business and Finance, 2024(69): 102 238.
[31]
Botha F, Snowball J, Scott B. Art investment in South Africa: Portfolio diversification and art market efficiency[J]. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 2016, 19(3): 358-368. doi: 10.4102/sajems.v19i3.1397
[32]
Park H, Ju L, Liang T, et al. Horizon analysis of art investments: Evidence from the Chinese market[J]. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 2017(41): 17-25.
[33]
Wang F. Which part of the Chinese art market is more worth investing in? Applying the quantile regression to analyze Chinese oil paintings 2000-2014[J]. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 2017, 53(1): 44-53. doi: 10.1080/1540496X.2016.1145113
[34]
Pownall R A J, Satchell S, Srivastava N. A random walk through Mayfair: Art as a luxury good and evidence from dynamic models[J]. Journal of International Money and Finance, 2019(95): 112-127.
[35]
Santana V L. Art as investment: Construction of a hedonic index to measure the valuation of Colombian art in the 1989-2015 period[J]. Cuadernos de Economía, 2020, 39(79): 167-190. doi: 10.15446/cuad.econ.v39n79.71870
[36]
Zou L, De Bruin A, Wu J, et al. Art for art's sake? An exploration of the Chinese art market[J]. Applied Economics, 2021, 53(47): 5 429-5 447. doi: 10.1080/00036846.2021.1923635
[37]
Yilmaz T, Sagfossen S, Velasco C. What makes NFTs valuable to consumers? Perceived value drivers associated with NFTs liking, purchasing, and holding[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2023(165): 114 056.
[38]
Etro F. Art and markets in the Greco-Roman world[J]. The Journal of Economic History, 2024, 84(2): 432-478. doi: 10.1017/S002205072400010X
[39]
Kräussl R, Tugnetti A. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs): A review of pricing determinants, applications and opportunities[J]. Journal of Economic Surveys, 2024, 38(2): 555-574. doi: 10.1111/joes.12597
[40]
Jaeger E. To save or savor: The rate of return to storing wine[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 1981, 89(3): 584-592. doi: 10.1086/260988
[41]
Kourtis A, Markellos R N, Psychoyios D. Wine price risk management: International diversification and derivative instruments[J]. International Review of Financial Analysis, 2012(22): 30-37.
[42]
Lucey B M, Devine L. Was wine a premier cru investment?[J]. Research in International Business and Finance, 2015(34): 33-51.
[43]
Dimson E, Rousseau P L, Spaenjers C. The price of wine[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2015, 118(2): 431-449. doi: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2015.08.005
[44]
Aytaç B, Mandou C. Wine: To drink or invest in? A study of wine as an investment asset in French portfolios[J]. Research in International Business and Finance, 2016(36): 591-614.
[45]
Hekimoǧlu M H, Kazaz B, Webster S. Wine analytics: Fine wine pricing and selection under weather and market uncertainty[J]. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 2017, 19(2): 202-215.
[46]
Cardebat J M, Jiao L. The long-term financial drivers of fine wine prices: The role of emerging markets[J]. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 2018(67): 347-361.
[47]
Ameur H B, Le Fur E. Volatility transmission to the fine wine market[J]. Economic Modelling, 2020(85): 307-316.
[48]
Potrykus M. Investing in wine, precious metals and G-7 stock markets-A co-occurrence analysis for price bubbles[J]. International Review of Financial Analysis, 2023(87): 102 637.