The Origin and Evolution of Piece-Mold Casting and Joining Techniques in Chu-Style Bronzeware

The Chu-style piece-mold casting technique originated in the late Shang Dynasty as an adaptive response to complex vessel forms. Innovations such as composite molds and lost-wax methods not only resolved casting challenges for large bronze artifacts but also facilitated the mass production and everyday use of ritual vessels. Through the integration of diverse techniques and innovations in joining methods, this technological system matured into a fully integrated manufacturing system during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. This study reviews the developmental trajectory of Chu-style piece-mold casting and joining techniques, aiming to elucidate their technological evolution in bronze manufacturing and their broader sociocultural implications.The technological breakthroughs achieved in these techniques were grounded in the absorption and adaptation of Central Plains technical traditions, combined with localized innovations, and were collectively shaped by evolving technological demands and concurrent shifts in social structure.