A Study on the Function of Gemstone in Yansheng (Warding off Evil Spirits and Seeking Good Fortune) in Ming Dynasty Tombs

The Ming Dynasty represented a peak in the utilization of coloured gemstones in China. During this period, coloured gemstones were not only abundant but also extensively employed. Functionally, they served not only as decorative items but also occasionally played a role in Yansheng (warding off evil spirits and seeking good fortune) within tombs. Current evidence indicates that the application of gemstones for these purposes in Ming Dynasty tombs primarily depended on their quantity and colour, as well as their placement and arrangement. This study employs a research method that cross-verifies archaeological findings with historical records, leading to the conclusion that the phenomenon of using gems to ward off evil spirits and seek good fortune in tombs was formed under the joint action of Chinese five elements doctrine, religious concepts, and funeral customs during the Ming Dynasty. Furthermore, this phenomenon is closely linked to factors such as economic and trade activities, as well as the social status and financial capabilities of those interred. Meanwhile, the analyses show that the gemstones considered to be dislodged from artifacts in archaeological excavation reports may not be dislodged, but were intentionally placed for a specific function.