A Study on the Morphological Evolution and Cultural Implication of Fish-shaped Jade Artifact in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties

The fish-shaped jade, as an unique component of ancient Chinese jade artifacts, embodies rich historical and cultural connotations. Its origins can be traced back to the Neolithic Age, and after thousands of years of evolution, it has become a distinctive artistic expression among ancient jade artifacts. With the continuous unearthing of fish-shaped jade artifacts, numerous studies have proliferated, covering topics such as the origin and periodization of fish-shaped jade, their functions, shapes and decorations. These research findings provide a wealth of physical materials for studying the economy, culture, social customs, and carving techniques from the Neolithic Age to the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which have reflected the pursuits and spirit of the society at the time, embodided the aesthetic needs of the ancient people, and filled the gaps in historical documents.This study employs the dual-evidence method and documentary analysis, integrating archaeological discoveries and previous research findings, to explore the function, form, and symbolism of fish-shaped jade artifacts unearthed since the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The results indicate that fish-shaped jade artifacts may have originated from primitive religious worship. During the Shang and Zhou periods, their functions diversified, serving as burial objects, ornaments, and tools. In terms of symbolism, the fish-shaped jade artifact was not only a representation of fertility worship but also a medium bridging the realms of life and death. Additionally, the unique form of the fish-shaped jade artifact, the "fish-dragon", later evolved into the "fish-dragon play", and gradually became a regional folk symbol over time.