A Study on the Turquoise Burial Ornaments of D107 (Bamudun Tomb) from Longshan Yue State, Anji, Zhejiang Province, Based on the Geographic Origin Tracing

D107 (the Bamudun tomb) in Longshan, Anji, Zhejiang Province, which belonged to the Yue State, is an important tomb with the largest size and highest social class among the tomb groups of the Yue State nobles in Longshan. Its discovery provides direct archaeological evidence for the study of the ancient Yue civilization during the Spring and Autumn Period. The gemmological features and spectral characteristics of 48 pieces of turquoise artifacts excavated from Bamudun were studied using super depth-of-field microscope, Raman spectroscopy, laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and other testing methods. The infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy tests showed that the turquoise excavated from Bamudun is consistent with the spectral characteristics of standard turquoise and is rich in impurity minerals including graphite, goethite, hematite, muscovite, quartz, rutile, variscite, and wavellite. When using the parameter indicators of the Chinese national standard Turquoise Grading (GB/T 36169-2018) to grade the turquoise beads from Bamudun, we found that the colour and texture were consistent and in line with the standard of high-quality turquoise. By comparison and analysis with contemporary turquoise origins, it was found that the turquoise from Bamudun site is from the mining areas of Hubei, Henan, and Shaanxi and is not from a single source. The north mining belt (Luonan area, Shaanxi Province) and the south mining belt (Shiyan area, Hubei Province) are the main sources of turquoise in the Bamudun site. When discussing the relationship between turquoise burial ornaments of Bamudun site and those unearthed in the Wu-Yue region and other areas during the same period, it is found that the turquoise burial ornaments in the Wu-Yue region are used in a manner with strong regional characteristics, demonstrating the particularity of regional civilization.