Mineralogical Characteristic of High Quality Green Feicui from Guatemala
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摘要:
危地马拉是近年间急速发展起来的另一个具有重要商业意义的翡翠产地，其产品在国内外翡翠市场中的占比逐渐上升。危地马拉翡翠分布在危地马拉莫塔瓜断层(MFS)南北两侧的蛇纹岩杂岩体中，学者们对危地马拉翡翠地质环境、岩石成因、地球化学以及矿物组成等方面进行了大量研究[1-2]。我国早期市场上的危地马拉翡翠有硬玉型的蓝水料[3]和绿辉石型的永楚料[4]两种类型。随着危地马拉翡翠资源的进一步开发，早期绿色中-高端品种逐渐进入市场，其主要组成矿物为绿辉石或者绿辉石-硬玉，辉石矿物的形成经历早、中、晚多次活动，并且在致色元素含量上存在着由低-高-低的过程[5]。
近来，玛雅文化所在的危地马拉地区新发现了高品质绿色翡翠，其品质可与缅甸高端翡翠媲美，为玉石市场提供了新的优质料源，目前已进入中国翡翠市场。随着危地马拉翡翠产品市场占比逐渐提升，一些不良商家用危地马拉高品质绿色翡翠冒充同级别的缅甸翡翠的现象比比皆是，目前针对危地马拉高品质绿色翡翠的研究还相对薄弱，对其高端绿色翡翠进行系统的宝石矿物学研究，可为其鉴定和产地判别提供科学依据[6-7]，为规范翡翠市场提供帮助和参考。
本文选取中国市场上已大量出现的危地马拉新发现的高品质绿色翡翠样品为研究对象，通过显微观察、激光拉曼光谱、电子探针等测试手段，对其矿物组成、结构和成分特征进行了系统研究。结果表明，市场上出现的高品质危地马拉“玛雅绿”翡翠样品主要由绿辉石矿物组成，次要矿物包括多硅白云母、金云母、方沸石、黝帘石等。其中，绿辉石的形成存在多个期次，早期的绿辉石多为交代残余结构；中晚期的绿辉石整体镶嵌在早期绿辉石残余的裂隙中，是早期的绿辉石变质重结晶形成；最晚期的绿辉石则多为纤维交织结构，边缘与早期绿辉石存在部分交代关系，颜色鲜艳，结构细腻，为危地马拉高品质绿色翡翠的主体部分。高品质危地马拉“玛雅绿”翡翠相比于缅甸绿色翡翠则具有富Fe和Cr的特征，且由Fe和Cr共同致色。因此，高品质危地马拉绿色翡翠从矿物组成和地球化学特征与缅甸的高绿翡翠具有较为明显的区别，可以为有效区分其与缅甸传统绿色翡翠提供矿物学标型的重要参考。
Abstract:The high-quality green Feicui materials from Guatemala appearing in the market are primarily composed of omphacite minerals, with secondary minerals including phlogopite, phengite, zoisite and aegerine. Omphacite can be classified into three different formation stages, Omp-Ⅰ, Ⅱ, andⅢ, with Omp-Ⅲbeing the main part of high-quality green Feicui from Guatemala. Omp-Ⅰ is mostly residual structures of metasomatism; Omp-Ⅱ is mostly embedded in a mosaic structure, which is entirely embedded in the residual cracks of the early omphacite and formed through metasomatism; Omp-Ⅲ is mostly a fiber interwoven structure, with some metasomatic relationship between its edges and early omphacite. Omp-Ⅲ has bright colours and delicate structure. In terms of composition, high-quality Feicui from Guatemala has the characteristics of being rich in Fe and Cr elements compared to green jadeite from Myanmar. The endmember compositions and mineralogical characteristics show significant differences compared to Myanmar's high green jadeite. This can provide important mineralogical typological references for effectively distinguishing high-quality Guatemalan green Feicui from traditional green Feicui in Myanmar.
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Keywords:
- Feicui /
- omphacite /
- mineral assemblage /
- typomorphic characteristic /
- Guatemala
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图 1 危地马拉绿色翡翠原料在正交偏光显微镜下照片：(a)最早期的Omp-Ⅱ显示交代残余结构；(b)纤维交织结构的Omp-Ⅲ中可见Omp-Ⅱ的残余；(c)纤维状的Omp-Ⅱ镶嵌于云母中；(d)Omp-Ⅲ中的辉铜矿包裹体Omp-绿辉石; Phl-金云母; Phn-多硅白云母; Zo-黝帘石; Clc-辉铜矿; Omp-Ⅰ、Omp-Ⅱ、Omp-Ⅲ分别代表绿辉石形成的三个期次Figure 1. Photograph of green Feicui materials from Guatemala under cross-polarized microscope: (a) the earliest Omp-Ⅱ showing metasomatic residual structure; (b) the Omp-Ⅱ remnants in Omp-Ⅲ being interwoven fibrous structure; (c) the fibrous Omp-Ⅱ embedded in mica; (d)thr chalcocite inclusions in Omp-Ⅲ -
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图 1 危地马拉绿色翡翠原料在正交偏光显微镜下照片：(a)最早期的Omp-Ⅱ显示交代残余结构；(b)纤维交织结构的Omp-Ⅲ中可见Omp-Ⅱ的残余；(c)纤维状的Omp-Ⅱ镶嵌于云母中；(d)Omp-Ⅲ中的辉铜矿包裹体
Omp-绿辉石; Phl-金云母; Phn-多硅白云母; Zo-黝帘石; Clc-辉铜矿; Omp-Ⅰ、Omp-Ⅱ、Omp-Ⅲ分别代表绿辉石形成的三个期次
Figure 1. Photograph of green Feicui materials from Guatemala under cross-polarized microscope: (a) the earliest Omp-Ⅱ showing metasomatic residual structure; (b) the Omp-Ⅱ remnants in Omp-Ⅲ being interwoven fibrous structure; (c) the fibrous Omp-Ⅱ embedded in mica; (d)thr chalcocite inclusions in Omp-Ⅲ
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