“火珠”的宝石学成分探讨
Investigation on Gemmological Component of "Fire Bead"
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摘要: 在佛经与我国史籍中均记载有一种名为“火珠”的宝石,但其宝石学成分究竟是什么,历来争论颇大。三国时期,“火珠”开始从外国进口,被帝王看作是祥瑞的标志。晋代时期其用于装饰皇太子的玉具剑。隋唐时期,其价值进一步提升,专用于装饰皇帝的玉具剑。自唐朝末年开始,“火珠”一词的宝石学意义逐渐减弱。探讨“火珠”有助于了解中国古代宝石的使用情况,对构建中国古代宝石学具有重要意义。从“火珠”的产地、颜色、稀有性等宝石学特征以及与出土宝石实物比照,对其成分进行了较详细的论证。结果发现,“火珠”是巴利文“Phalika”(“颇黎”)以及梵文“Sphatika”(“塞颇胝迦”)的意译。“火珠”也就是“颇黎”,并不是我国常见的水晶,最可能为无色刚玉。Abstract: There was a kind of gemstone named "Fire bead" in the sutras and the Chinese historic records.But the controversy was the gemmological component of "Fire bead".In the Three Kingdoms Period, "Fire bead" was firstly imported from foreign countries, seen as the auspicious symbol by the imperials.In Jin Dynasty, it was used to decorate the jade-embellished-sword of the crowns.During Sui and Tang dynasties, the value of "Fire bead" was higher and specially used for the jade-embellished-sword of the imperials.Since the end of Tang Dynasty, the gemmological significance of "Fire bead" had diminished.So, it is helpful to understand the usage of the Chinese ancient stones for investigation on "Fire bead", and important to construct the Chinese ancient gemmology.The gemmological component of "Fire bead" is demonstrated in detail by its locality, colour, rarity and comparison with the unearthed gemstones.The results show that "Fire bead" was translated from the Pali word "Phalika" and the Sanskrit word "Sphatika", which is not rock crystal in China, but possible colourless corundum.
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