Abstract: The nanhong agates from Liangshan in Sichuan Province, China and from Africa, were researched by using the conventional gemmological tests, electron microprobe (EPMA), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction spectrometer (XRD), comprehensive thermal analysis (DSC/TG), and scanning electron microscope with energy spectrum analysis (SEM/EDS).The results indicated that the minerals of nahong agate samples are mainly α-SiO₂, including a few of elements Al, Mg, K, Na, Ca, S and Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, etc..The content of Fe₂O₃ in the nanhong agates from Africa is higher than that of nanhong agates from Liangshan in Sichuan Province, which make the colour of nanhong agates from Arica deeper.The content of Al₂O₃ in the nanhong agates from Liangshan in Sichuan Province is higher than that of nanhong agates from Africa.Meanwhile, the crystallization of α-SiO₂ in nanhong agates from Liangshan in Sichuan Province is better than that of nanhong agates from Arica by DSC.