Abstract: Russia’s rough diamond output accounted for about 25% of total global production in 2010，and Russia，with its increasing diamond output，is playing a more and more important role in the global diamond market.Based on the English literature about Russia’s diamond published in the past decade，this paper compares the gemmological and mineralogical characteristics of the diamonds from Yakutia，Arkhangelsk and Ural.The results show that these three fields’diamonds vary significantly in their colours，morphologies，impurities，luminescence properties and inclusions.The feasibility of taking these differences as fingerprints of various Russia diamond sources is still to be verified.Meanwhile，according to Russia’s behavior in the global diamond market in the past five years，this paper analyzes the influence of Russian diamond on the global market and discusses the diamond industry development in Russia.The results can help to understand worldwide diamond supply and demand，and can provide some references for diamond provenance study within the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme.