Abstract: Ailaoshan structural belt is the important geologic structure and is also the gem concentrated mineralization area in Yunnan Province. All the gems that have been discovered occur in the hypometamorphic rock belts. The main gem deposits include metamorphic-matasomatic-type (commonly called marble type) ruby deposits and pegmatite-type deposits of aquamarine, topaz,red beryl,rock crystal and so on.For the metamorphic-matasomatic deposits, the Xiao-yangjie ruby deposit in Yuanjiang County is the most characteristic and, for the typical pegmatite deposits, it is the Heishitou aquamarine and topaz deposits in Yuanyang County and the Gaofengbei red beryl, topaz and beryl deposits also in Yuanyang County.