Colour Measurement Condition of Precious Metal Alloy Based on Chromatics
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摘要:
贵金属合金颜色是影响首饰外观和展示饰品个性化的重要因素，但行业内目前对测试贵金属合金颜色的条件缺乏统一要求，致使贵金属颜色无法准确比较和溯源。基于贵金属合金因测试条件不同，其颜色结果不同而无法进行准确比较的问题，采用光谱光度测色法，针对标准色度观察者、仪器设备、样品大小和样品表面条件4个影响因素进行实验，对色空间坐标的变化规律和色差进行分析。结果表明：经过校准的分光光度计和测色仪均能准确测试贵金属颜色；适宜的测试条件为CIE1964标准色度观察者，样品大小完全覆盖仪器测试孔，样品测试区域均匀、平整、洁净、无缺陷。研究结果可为贵金属合金颜色的准确测试提供参考依据。
Abstract:The colour of precious metal alloys is an important factor that affects the appearance and personalization of jewelry. However, the industry lacks of unified requirements for the colour of the test conditions of precious metal alloys, which makes it impossible to accurately compare and trace the colours of the precious metal. Based on the problem of the inability to accurately compare the colour results of the precious metal alloys due to different testing conditions, spectral photometry was used to conduct experiments on four influencing factors: standard chromatics observers, instruments, sample sizes, and sample surface conditions. The change rule of colour space coordinates and values of colour difference are analyzed. The results show that both the calibrated spectrophotometer and colorimeter can accurately test the colour of the precious metals. The suitable testing conditions are CIE1964 standard colorimetric observer, with the sample size completely covering the instrument test hole, and the sample testing area being uniform, flat, clean, and defect free. The research results can provide a reference basis for the accurate testing of precious metal alloy colours.
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Keywords:
- precious metal /
- colour /
- test condition /
- sample condition
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致谢: 感谢广州番禺职业技术学院珠宝及首饰检测中心在样品检测方面的协助。
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图 1 经不同企业的不同砂号和喷头后期处理的古法金磨砂样品(HT-GJ、TX-GJ为两家企业编号)
Figure 1. Frosted samples of "Chinese Traditional Gold" processed with different grits abrasives and nozzles from different enterprises (HT-GJ and TX-GJ are the two enterprise numbers)
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图 2 不同颜色14K~18K金样品(0N~3N为不同深浅的黄色，4N~6N为不同深浅的玫瑰金色)
Figure 2. Samples of 14K-18K gold in different colours (0N-3N are different shades of yellow. 4N-6N are different shades of rose gold colour)
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图 3 相同成分、不同表面加工工艺样品
注：J为镜面工艺, M为磨砂工艺, L为拉丝工艺
Figure 3. Samples of the same composition with differentsurface finishes
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图 4 不同色系的潘通国际标准金属色卡
Figure 4. Pantone international standard metallic colour cards in different colours
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图 5 不同仪器测试样品颜色的CIE L*a*b*空间投点图
Figure 5. CIE L*a*b* spatial projections of the colour of samples tested by different instruments
表 1 不同标准色度观察者色差值
Table 1 The values of chromatism between different standard chromatic observers
样品号 测试仪器 测试条件 色空间坐标 色差 Y10 x10 y10 L* a* b* TX-GJ-2 岛津3700 1964标准色度观察者 63.71 0.418 5 0.411 0 83.81 10.36 46.75 5.21 1931标准色度观察者 66.53 0.412 2 0.417 2 85.27 5.72 48.62 CM-2600 1964标准色度观察者 64.69 0.414 2 0.408 1 84.33 9.88 44.95 5.10 1931标准色度观察者 67.47 0.408 1 0.414 2 85.74 5.34 46.80 TX-GJ-4 岛津3700 1964标准色度观察者 58.69 0.416 1 0.406 6 81.12 10.78 43.44 4.87 1931标准色度观察者 61.22 0.410 2 0.412 5 82.50 6.47 45.25 CM-2600 1964标准色度观察者 57.37 0.416 5 0.405 6 80.39 11.21 42.84 4.78 1931标准色度观察者 59.84 0.410 8 0.411 3 81.75 7.01 44.66 HT-GJ-1 岛津3700 1964标准色度观察者 57.20 0.411 8 0.404 3 80.29 10.01 41.32 4.69 1931标准色度观察者 59.58 0.406 2 0.410 1 81.61 5.87 43.09 CM-2600 1964标准色度观察者 57.06 0.411 6 0.404 3 80.21 9.95 41.24 4.70 1931标准色度观察者 59.44 0.406 0 0.410 1 81.53 5.80 43.00 HT-GJ-2 岛津3700 1964标准色度观察者 64.55 0.408 9 0.403 8 84.25 9.58 42.16 4.93 1931标准色度观察者 67.21 0.403 2 0.409 5 85.61 5.20 43.96 CM-2600 1964标准色度观察者 62.82 0.406 9 0.401 0 83.35 9.83 40.37 4.72 1931标准色度观察者 65.34 0.401 6 0.406 4 84.66 5.66 42.14 2N 岛津3700 1964标准色度观察者 70.93 0.370 7 0.379 5 87.45 4.45 26.80 2.58 1931标准色度观察者 72.63 0.3670 0.380 8 88.27 2.09 27.43 CM-2600 1964标准色度观察者 70.45 0.370 3 0.379 3 87.22 4.38 26.59 2.56 1931标准色度观察者 72.13 0.366 6 0.380 5 88.03 2.04 27.22 5N 岛津3700 1964标准色度观察者 67.91 0.368 3 0.364 3 85.96 9.50 20.89 1.70 1931标准色度观察者 69.31 0.366 2 0.364 9 86.66 8.11 21.59 CM-2600 1964标准色度观察者 68.01 0.369 0 0.363 8 86.01 10.03 20.88 1.68 1931标准色度观察者 69.42 0.367 1 0.364 4 86.71 8.68 21.60 005J 岛津3700 1964标准色度观察者 22.61 0.327 2 0.343 2 54.67 0.58 4.43 0.33 1931标准色度观察者 22.74 0.325 7 0.341 8 54.80 0.28 4.49 CM-2600 1964标准色度观察者 22.56 0.327 1 0.341 9 54.62 0.91 4.12 0.29 1931标准色度观察者 22.68 0.325 7 0.340 5 54.75 0.66 4.20 
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表 2 色差值与目视观感之间的对应关系
Table 2 Correspondence between values of chromatism and visual perception
色差ΔE 目视观感颜色差别 ΔE≤0.5 可忽略 0.5＜ΔE≤1.5 轻微 1.5＜ΔE≤3.0 可察觉 3.0＜ΔE≤6.0 可识别 6.0＜ΔE≤12.0 大 ΔE＞12.0 非常大
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表 3 不同仪器测试的色差值
Table 3 The values of chromatism for different instruments
样品号 测试仪器 测试次数 色空间坐标 件内色差 色差 Y10 x10 y10 L* a* b* TX-GJ-1 岛津3700 1 55.98 0.413 4 0.405 4 79.60 10.12 41.73 0.48 0.46 2 55.85 0.413 2 0.405 4 79.53 10.05 41.66 3 56.27 0.416 2 0.408 3 79.77 10.10 41.73 4 55.62 0.414 3 0.405 7 79.40 10.28 41.97 5 56.36 0.411 3 0.404 2 79.82 9.84 40.97 平均 56.02 0.413 7 0.405 8 79.62 10.08 41.61 CM-2600 1 56.43 0.412 6 0.404 6 79.86 10.15 41.39 0.50 2 55.77 0.413 8 0.404 2 79.48 10.68 41.38 3 55.33 0.4144 0.405 0 79.23 10.56 41.66 4 55.35 0.413 3 0.404 2 79.24 10.46 41.17 5 55.89 0.413 6 0.404 5 79.55 10.49 41.48 平均 55.75 0.413 5 0.404 5 79.47 10.47 41.42 HT-GJ-4 岛津3700 1 59.89 0.409 6 0.399 6 81.78 11.12 39.88 0.48 0.38 2 60.10 0.409 1 0.399 5 81.89 10.96 39.78 3 60.14 0.409 1 0.399 0 81.90 11.15 39.64 4 60.41 0.409 0 0.399 6 82.06 10.92 39.86 5 60.43 0.408 9 0.400 0 82.07 10.75 39.96 平均 60.19 0.409 1 0.399 5 81.94 10.98 39.82 CM-2600 1 60.34 0.408 7 0.399 2 82.02 10.95 39.66 0.40 2 60.61 0.409 4 0.399 5 82.17 11.12 39.97 3 61.00 0.408 2 0.398 8 82.38 11.01 39.50 4 60.98 0.409 2 0.399 4 82.37 11.11 39.95 5 60.89 0.408 6 0.399 0 82.32 11.05 39.66 平均 60.76 0.408 8 0.399 2 82.25 11.05 39.62 4N 岛津3700 1 69.19 0.369 4 0.368 8 86.60 8.17 22.77 0.30 0.40 2 69.65 0.369 8 0.368 9 86.82 8.31 22.92 3 69.49 0.369 8 0.369 0 86.74 8.28 22.94 4 68.72 0.369 9 0.369 3 86.37 8.18 22.97 5 69.57 0.369 5 0.368 9 86.78 8.19 22.84 平均 69.32 0.369 7 0.369 0 86.66 8.23 22.89 CM-2600 1 69.34 0.369 7 0.369 7 86.67 7.93 23.13 0.47 2 69.25 0.369 6 0.369 7 86.63 7.91 23.12 3 69.88 0.369 9 0.369 6 86.94 8.05 23.22 4 70.14 0.369 8 0.369 6 87.07 8.05 23.20 5 69.32 0.369 6 0.369 8 86.66 7.87 23.15 平均 69.59 0.3697 0.3697 86.79 7.96 23.16 001M 岛津3700 1 40.61 0.4018 0.4106 69.90 3.93 36.68 0.24 0.16 2 40.91 0.4018 0.4107 70.11 3.95 36.79 3 40.70 0.4017 0.4105 69.96 3.91 36.67 4 40.80 0.4018 0.4105 70.04 3.93 36.72 5 40.81 0.4020 0.4106 70.04 3.96 36.78 平均 40.77 0.4018 0.4106 70.01 3.94 36.73 柯尼卡 1 41.22 0.4018 0.4104 70.33 4.02 36.83 0.47 CM-2600 2 41.03 0.4018 0.4103 70.20 4.01 36.75 3 40.77 0.4022 0.4107 70.01 4.03 36.84 4 40.56 0.4022 0.4105 69.87 4.07 36.73 5 40.93 0.4023 0.4105 70.13 4.09 36.84 平均 40.90 0.4021 0.4105 70.11 4.04 36.80
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表 4 测试面大小对色差值的影响
Table 4 The effect of test surface size on chromatism values
色卡编号 测试仪器 测试条件 色空间坐标 色差 Y10 x10 y10 L* a* b* 10104C 岛津3700 完全覆盖测试孔 58.89 0.3088 0.3275 81.23 -0.75 -1.94 1.97 覆盖测试孔30% 58.60 0.3120 0.3318 81.07 -1.14 -0.02 CM-2600 完全覆盖测试孔 59.12 0.3089 0.3276 81.35 -0.79 -1.89 1.81 覆盖测试孔30% 58.42 0.3120 0.3318 80.97 -1.08 -0.14 10126C 岛津3700 完全覆盖测试孔 42.03 0.3990 0.4187 70.89 0.64 38.92 0.64 覆盖测试孔30% 41.85 0.4007 0.4199 70.77 0.81 39.52 CM-2600 完全覆盖测试孔 42.71 0.3991 0.4187 70.74 0.89 38.89 0.60 覆盖测试孔30% 41.57 0.4010 0.4197 70.58 0.96 39.47 10137C 岛津3700 完全覆盖测试孔 42.08 0.3649 0.3582 70.92 9.07 15.55 0.75 覆盖测试孔30% 41.93 0.3667 0.3599 70.82 9.06 16.29 CM-2600 完全覆盖测试孔 41.95 0.3647 0.3575 70.94 9.26 15.27 1.15 覆盖测试孔30% 41.60 0.3672 0.3601 70.60 9.17 16.37
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表 5 样品表面条件对色差值的影响
Table 5 The effect of sample surface conditions on chromatism values
样品号 色空间坐标 色差 备注 Y10 x10 y10 L* a* b* HT-GJ-3 57.89 0.4163 0.4047 80.68 11.46 42.65 2.59 用100#砂进行表面处理 HT-GJ-4 59.87 0.4103 0.4005 81.77 10.98 40.35 用80#砂进行表面处理 001L 41.47 0.4037 0.4102 70.50 4.65 37.21 9.13 拉丝纹水平方向 001L 31.46 0.3984 0.4077 62.89 3.45 32.32 拉丝纹垂直方向 002L 24.90 0.3475 0.3426 56.98 7.17 6.96 6.28 拉丝纹水平方向 002L 19.25 0.3438 0.3420 50.98 5.72 5.81 拉丝纹垂直方向
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