Abstract: As a multicultural carrier, the amber beads of the Han Dynasty are important material data reflecting the cross-regional cultural relevance. Based on archaeological research materials, this paper summarizes the temporal and spatial distribution of amber beads of the Han Dynasty. Using historical textual research methods and iconographic research methods, focusing on the representative types of bead ornaments such as lion-shaped beads, "Sheng"-shaped beads, and weapon shaped beads, this paper analyzes the source of artistic motifs, symbolic meanings and cultural composition of amber beads of Han Dynasty. Therefore, it is expected to gain an in-depth understanding of the collision and integration of Chinese and Western cultures in the context of the opening of the Silk Road of the Han Dynasty. It is pointed out that the art of amber beads of the Han Dynasty is related to the early Buddhist art of ancient India, and the spread of Buddhism to the south promoted the dissemination of foreign visual culture, which using beads as a carrier. In terms of cultural composition, the styles of amber beads of the Han Dynasty were based on the local culture of warding off evil spirits and incorporating auspicious, and integrated foreign costume culture, but in the degree and form of integration are different.