Cultural Difference between Chinese and Western Ancient Glassware from the Unearthed Glass of Han Dynasty
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摘要:
中国的琉璃从西周到汉代，其功能用途主要是仿玉器。学术界一般认为西方玻璃起源于古埃及，功能主要是辟邪首饰，到古罗马时代发展为日用器皿。西方玻璃从战国早期传入中国，受西方玻璃影响，汉代也出现了西方式玻璃器皿，但却逐步衰亡，到汉末几乎被瓷器取代。本文以汉代出土玻璃为例，分析了中西方玻璃的材料配方、加工工艺和功能用途的差异，探讨古代玻璃器的特征及中西方文化的差异；最后认为，对材料的选择与运用开发，可以影响到一个国家和一个民族的发展。
Abstract:From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, the main function and use of China's glass is imitation jade artifact. The academic community generally believes that the western glass originated in ancient Egypt and its main function was exorcism jewelry, which developed into daily utensils until in ancient Rome. Western glass was introduced into China from the early Warring States period. Influenced by the western glass, the western-style glassware also appeared in the Han Dynasty, but it gradually declined and was almost replaced by porcelain in the late Han Dynasty. Taking the unearthed glass of Han Dynasty as an example, this paper analyzes the differences between Chinese and western glass materials in formula, processing technology and functional use, and probs into the characteristics of ancient glassware and the differences between Chinese and western cultures. Finally, the choice of materials and its application could affect the development of a country and a nation.
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Keywords:
- Han Dynasty /
- ancient Rome /
- glass /
- Chinese and western /
- cultural difference
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图 1 湖南湘乡红岭17号墓出土玻璃的正面(a)和背面(b)(直径8.15 cm×厚0.2 cm, 赵瑞廷提供, 湖南省博物馆藏)
Figure 1. The front (a) and back (b) of the unearthed glass from the tomb No.17 of Hongling site, Xiangxiang, Hunan Province.The diameter is 8.15 cm, and the thickness is 0.2 cm. Hunan Provincial Museum Collection, photos provided by Zhao Ruiting
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图 2 河北满城汉墓出土玻璃盘(a)和玻璃耳杯(b) (河北博物院官网)
Figure 2. The glass plate(a) and glass cup(b) unearthed from Han Dynasty tomb, Mancheng, Hebei Province(Hebei Museum Collection)
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图 3 河南洛阳东郊墓葬出土东汉长颈玻璃瓶(洛阳博物馆提供)
Figure 3. The long-necked glass bottle unearthed from east suburb tomb of Eastern Han Dynasty, Luoyang, Henan Province
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