Abstract: The comparative study of Chinese ancient turquoise and the connotations of traditional Chinese jade culture, and the forms of ancient Chinese and western turquoise expression is presented, thus exploring the cultural attributes of ancient Chinese turquoise. The development and essential characteristics of traditional Chinese jade culture are mainly introduced, and a comparative study of the material, shape, function and craft characteristics of turquoise and tremolite-like jade, a typical carrier of jade culture, is conducted around the form and connotation of traditional Chinese jade culture, suggesting that ancient Chinese turquoise does not possess typical traditional Chinese jade culture characteristics in terms of connotation and expression form. Finally, through a comparison of ancient Chinese and western turquoise expression forms, it is concluded that the application of ancient Chinese turquoise is related to its brilliant and rich colours, and the craft forms are mainly inlaid to reflect decorative functions, and can represent the origin of Chinese coloured gemstone culture.