Stud y on the Metallogenic Geological Characteristics and Genesis of Tianhuang from Fujian Province
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摘要: 田黄享誉国内外，被尊称为“石帝”，是福建寿山石中最为珍贵的品种。前人对田黄的研究有着悠久的历史，但更多集中在田黄的矿物组成以及结构构造，针对田黄地质成因的论述相对薄弱。本文从地质作用过程出发对田黄成因进行研究，认为寿山早白垩世火山盆地中部的高山锥状火山(Ⅴ级火山构造)的酸性火山碎屑岩和火山断裂是形成高山石类的主要成矿因素。优质的田黄来自于优质的高山石，原生优质高山冻石是形成优质田黄的基础。此外，寿山开阔平坦的地形条件与水流作用对田黄形成及品质提升起到重要作用，田黄黄色的形成与易溶于水含铁矿物密切相关，而这些易溶于水含铁矿物来源于高山锥状火山中广泛发育的黄铁矿化。因此，田黄的形成有其独特的地质条件，这正是田黄与其他图章石差异的最主要因素。Abstract: Tianhuang enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad and is honored as the "emperor of the stone". It is the most precious variety of Shoushan stone from Fujian Province. The research on Tianhuang has a long history, but mainly focuses on the mineral components and structure, and the discussion on the geological genesis of Tianhuang is relatively weak. Based on the geological process, it is considered that the acidic pyroclastic rocks and volcanic faults of the Gaoshan conical volcano (Grade V volcanic structure) in the middle of the volcanic basin of Shoushan area in the Early Cretaceous are the main metallogenic factors for the formation of Gaoshan stone. High quality Tianhuang comes from high-quality Gaoshan stone, and primary high-quality Gaoshan lardite is the basis for the formation of high-quality Tianhuang. In addition, the open and flat terrain conditions and water flow of the Shoushan area play an important role in the formation and quality improvement of Tianhuang. The formation of Tianhuang is closely related to water-soluble iron minerals, which come from the pyritization widely developed in Gaoshan conical volcanoes. Therefore, the formation of Tianhuang has its unique geological conditions, which is the main factor that distinguishes Tianhuang from other seal stones.
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Keywords:
- Shoushan stone /
- Tianhuang /
- geological characteristic /
- genesis /
- dickite
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本项目得到福建地勘科研费项目的资助，是项目组工作的成果，项目过程中陈润生教授级高级工程师给予了指导，林敏高级工程师，杨仲工程师，汤建荣工程师在论文撰写过程给予的帮助，中国寿山石馆瞿恒阳主任和黄应强的野外提供了帮助，在此一并表示感谢。
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图 1 福州高山锥状火山的火山构造岩相图及实测剖面图
1.第四系残积层；2.旱白型世小溪组中段；3.残积层；4.流纹质晶屑凝灰岩；5.流纹质晶屑熔结凝灰岩；6.含角砾酸性粒状碎斑熔岩；7.流纹岩；8.寿山品种石产地；9.水系；10.高速公路；11.公路；12.寿山火山喷发盆地范围；13.硅化/黄铁矿化；14.叶蜡石化/伊利石化；15.明矾石化/地开石化；16.高岭土化；17.产状；18.正断层；19.正断层(剖面)；20.断层；21.地质界线；22.岩相界线；23.岩性界线；24.剖面线
Figure 1. Lithofacies map and measured profile of volcanic structure of Gaoshan conical volcano from Fuzhou
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图 2 高山矿区蚀变特征
a.明矾石化蚀变，沿断裂充填；b.黄铁矿化蚀变；c.黄铁矿，灰黑色，与地开石共生, 样品号D8004-1；d.明矾石，淡红色，样品号D8002-2
Figure 2. Field outcrops and alteration in Gaoshan mining area
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图 3 蚀变标本D8004-1(a)、D8002-2(b)及显微特征
a.反射镜下金属矿物为黄铁矿，+ 100×；b.明矾石共生，干涉色二级蓝绿色-紫红色的为明矾石，+ 40×
Figure 3. Altered specimens D8004-1(a), D8002-2(b)and microscopic characteristics
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图 4 福建寿山坑头溪实景图(上坂田)，右前方为高山锥状火山
Figure 4. The Kengtou River in Shoushan, Fujian (Shangbantian). Right front is the Gaoshan. conical volcano.
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图 5 高山石和田黄样品：a.白色高山石；b.淡黄色高山石；c.田黄
Figure 5. Gaoshan stone and Tianhuang samples: a.White Gaoshan stone; b.Light yellow Gaoshan stone; c.Tianhuang
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