Laboratory Identification Characteristic of Purple Jadeite
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摘要: 近来，紫色翡翠的检测越来越繁杂，缺乏系统流程。通过收集市场常见的紫色翡翠样品(包括天然翡翠、经漂白充填染色处理翡翠、染色处理翡翠)，对其进行红外光谱、超景深显微镜、DiamondViewTM和紫外-可见分光光度计等多种仪器测试分析。结果表明，经漂白充填染色处理翡翠样品的中红外光谱具3 056、3 035、2 872 cm-1等人工树脂充填物引发的吸收峰，部分染色处理翡翠样品的近红外光谱具有4 327、4 257 cm-1甲基、亚甲基吸收峰，提示有机物的存在；超景深显微镜观察显示，染色处理翡翠样品中的染料在表面呈颗粒状分布，内部呈脉状分布，富集在裂隙或凹陷处；DiamondViewTM下，经漂白充填染色处理翡翠样品和染色处理翡翠样品具有呈团块状紫色、紫红色荧光分布于蓝色、绿色基底上或仅见蓝色脉状荧光；紫外-可见分光光谱结果显示，染色处理翡翠样品出现以560、600 nm或以550、590、650 nm为中心的吸收谱带。通过以上特征可以将天然、经漂白充填染色处理、染色处理的紫色翡翠鉴别开来，从而制定一套检测流程, 为实验室准确、快速、无损鉴别紫色翡翠提供可行性依据。Abstract: Recently, the identification of purple jadeite has become more and more complicated and lacks of a systematic process. Common purple jadeite samples (including natural jadeite, bleached, filled and dyed jadeite, dyed jadeite) were collected from the market for infrared spectroscopy, ultra-depth-of-field microscope, DiamondViewTM, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and other instruments tests and analyses. The results show that in the infrared spectrum, the bleached, filled and dyed samples in the mid-infrared region show absorption peaks caused by artificial resin fillings at 3 056, 3 035, and 2 872 cm-1. Some dyed samples in the near-infrared region have 4 327 cm-1and 4 257 cm-1-CH3 and -CH2- absorption peaks, which indicates the existence of organic matter. Dyed jadeite samples under super-depth-of-field microscope show that the dyes distribute in granular form on the surface, and vein in the interior and concentrate in cracks or depressions. Under DiamondViewTM, bleached, filled and dyed samples and dyed samples show purple and purple-red fluorescence in clumps distribute on the blue and green substrates, or only blue vein-like fluorescence can be seen. Under UV-Vis spectrophotometer, the dyed samples show absorption bands centered at 560, 600 nm or 550, 590, 650 nm. These characteristics can distinguish bleached, filled and dyed jadeite samples and dyed jadeite samples from natural samples. On this basis, the laboratory identification process can be optimized to provide a feasible basis for the laboratory to accurately, quickly and non-destructively identify purple jadeite.
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Keywords:
- purple jadeite /
- dyeing treatment /
- spectral characteristic
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图 1 危地马拉绿色翡翠(“玛雅绿”)代表性样品Figure 1. Representative Feicui samples from Guatemala ("Maya green")![]()
图 2 代表性翡翠样品的红外反射光谱Figure 2. Infrared reflection spectra of representative green Feicui samples -
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图 6 染色处理紫色翡翠样品的超景深显微镜图像
Figure 6. Ultra-depth-of-field microscopic images of purple jadeite samples treated with dyeing
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图 2 标准翡翠(a)、天然紫色翡翠样品(b)、漂白充填染色处理紫色翡翠样品(c)和染色处理紫色翡翠样品(d)的红外反射光谱
Figure 2. Infrared transmission spectra of standard jadeite(a), natural purple jadeite samples(b), purple jadeite samples treated with bleaching, filling and dyeing(c) and purple jadeite samples treated with dyeing(d)
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图 3 紫色翡翠的近红外反射光谱：a.天然紫色翡翠样品；b.漂白充填染色处理翡翠样品；c.染色处理翡翠样品
Figure 3. Near-infrared reflectance spectra of natural purple jadeite samples(a), purple jadeite samples treated with bleaching, filling and dyeing(b) and purple jadeite samples treated with dyeing(c)
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图 4 天然紫色翡翠样品的超景深显微镜图像
Figure 4. Ultra-depth-of-field microscopic images of natural purple jadeite samples
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图 5 漂白充填染色处理紫色翡翠样品的超景深显微镜图像
Figure 5. Ultra-depth-of-field microscopic images of purple jadeite samples treated with bleaching, filling and dyeing
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图 8 紫色翡翠样品的紫外-可见光谱：a.天然紫色翡翠样品；b.漂白充填染色处理翡翠样品；c-d.染色处理翡翠样品
Figure 8. UV-Vis spectra of natural purple jadeite samples(a), purple jadeite samples treated with bleaching, filling and dyeing(b) and purple jadeite samples treated with dyeing(c-d)
表 1 有代表性的翡翠测试样品的特征
Table 1 Characteristics of representative jadeite testing samples
样品号 检验结论 备注 说明 形状 N-01 翡翠 A货 雕件 N-02 翡翠 A货 手镯 N-03 翡翠 A货 雕件 BC-04 翡翠(处理) 经漂白、充填、染色处理 B+C货 异形弧面 BC-05 翡翠(处理) 经漂白、充填、染色处理 B+C货 手镯 C-06 翡翠(处理) 染色处理 表面粒隙间有大量抛光粉，且明显影响其颜色 手镯 C-07 翡翠(处理) 染色处理 C货 块件 C-08 翡翠(处理) 染色处理 C货 块件 C-09 翡翠(处理) 染色处理 C货 平安扣 C-10 翡翠(处理) 染色处理 C货 梯形弧面 C-11 翡翠(处理) 染色处理 C货 平安扣 
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