Abstract: Hetian Yu is an art treasure of Chinese culture with profound cultural connotations. Hetian Yu industry is also an important part of jewelry industry in China. The contents of National Standard Hetian Yu—Testing and Classification stipulate terminology and definition, testing, classification, naming rules and certification of Hetian Yu. It is emphasized that tremolite is the main mineral component of Hetian Yu. The paper focuses on the interpretation of the important parts, key technologies and innovation points of the National Standard. It introduces the standard development process, definition and colour origins of Hetian Yu, Tang Se, Bi Yu, Mo Yu and Cuiqing Yu, division method of Tang Se, and terminological of English translation. It also interprets the conventional gemmological testing characteristics, IR spectra and UV-Vis spectra, classification requirements, the analysis of eight classified varieties and main features and naming rules of Hetian Yu, which contributes to the population and implementation of the standard, and promote the healthy development of Hetian Yu market at home and abroad.