Exploration of Inclusion Characteristic and Formation Environment of A Kind of Petroleum-Bearing Quartz
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摘要: 油胆水晶因其形态独特且具有强荧光效应的有机包裹体而受到国际珠宝市场的追捧，但目前对其包裹体类型、组合及形成条件的研究较少。本文主要采用超景深显微观察、激光拉曼光谱、傅里叶变换显微红外光谱等测试方法，对市场上一种常见宝石级油胆水晶中的包裹体特征进行了研究。结果发现，这种油胆水晶中主要有负晶形三相包裹体，不规则三相包裹体，黑色固相包裹体和干涸状包裹体四种。三相包裹体的气相部分为混有微量乙烷的甲烷气体，三相包裹体的无色液相为溶解了少量甲烷的水溶液，黄色液相主要为烷烃类物质，兼有微量的芳烃类物质；三相包裹体的固相部分、黑色固相包裹体、干涸状包裹体的成分均为沥青。样品三相包裹体的组成、颜色及荧光特征与来自巴基斯坦俾路支省的油胆水晶相一致。结合油胆水晶的包裹体组合及结晶学特征，推断油胆水晶缓慢结晶生长于碳酸盐岩型低温热液矿床中。Abstract: Petroleum-bearing quartz (i.e. oil-bearing quartz) is popular in the international jewelry market for its unique organic inclusions with strong fluorescence. However, the types, assemblages of the inclusions and their genetic conditions are rarely studied. In this paper, a typical kind of gem-quality petroleum-bearing quartz on the market were analyzed by digital microscope system, Raman spectroscopy, microscopic Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and other gemmological test methods. The results showed that there are four types of inclusions in petroleum-bearing quartz: negative crystal-shaped three-phase inclusions, irregular three-phase inclusions, black solid-phase inclusions, and dry inclusions with craquelure-like inwall. The gas phase of the three-phase inclusions is methane (CH4) mixed with trace ethane (C2H6); the colourless liquid phase is an aqueous solution dissolved with few methane, the yellow liquid phase is mainly alkanes with trace aromatics; the solid part of three-phase inclusions, the black solid-phase inclusions and the dry inclusions with craquelure-like inwall have the same composition: bituminous. The composition, colour and fluorescence characteristics of the three phase inclusions of the samples are consistent with petroleum-bearing quartz from Baluchistan, Pakistan. Combined with the inclusions and crystallographic characteristics, it is inferred that petroleum-bearing quartz is slowly crystallized in carbonate-type low-temperature hydrothermal deposits.
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Keywords:
- petroleum-bearing quartz /
- organic inclusion /
- Raman spectrum /
- FTIR /
- forming environment
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图 1 油胆水晶样品的外观特征
Figure 1. Appearance characteristics of petroleum-bearing quartz crystal samples
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图 2 油胆水晶的晶面微形貌特征
a.m面上的晶面横纹(样品PQ-9)；b.R面上的平行生长纹(样品PQ-6)；c.R面上的平行生长纹及负晶式凹坑(样品PQ-8)；d.R面上的三角形生长纹(样品PQ-3)；e.r面上的三角形生长纹(样品PQ-7)；f.s面上的平行生长纹(样品PQ-8)
Figure 2. Micromorphological characteristics of petroleum-bearing quartz crystals
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图 3 油胆水晶原石样品包裹体在长波紫外光下发蓝白色、黄白色荧光
Figure 3. The yellow inclusions in petroleum-bearing quartz crystals emitting blue-white and yellow-white fluorescence under LW ultraviolet light
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图 4 油胆水晶中的包裹体
a.负晶形三相包裹体(样品PQ-4)；b.含有无色液相组分的负晶形三相包裹体(样品PQ-9)；c.不规则三相包裹体(样品PQ-3)；d.黑色固相包裹体(样品PQ-6)；e.有黄色液相残留的黑色固相包裹体(样品PQ-4)；f.干涸状包裹体(样品PQ-8)
Figure 4. Inclusions in petroleum-bearing quartz crystals
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图 6 油胆水晶包裹体的拉曼光谱
a三相包裹体中的气相; b.三相包裹体中的无色液相; c.三相包裹体中的黑色固相; d.黑色固相包裹体; e.干涸状包裹体
Figure 6. Raman spectra of inclusions in petroleum-bearing quartz crystals
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图 7 样品无色基底及黄色包裹体部分的显微红外光谱
Figure 7. Infrared spectra of samples and the yellow liquid phase in three-phase inclusions
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