Crystallization Time on Quality of Synthetic Jadeite under High Pressure and High Temperature
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摘要: 翡翠颜色艳丽，结构细腻，受到国人的追崇。近年来，由于天然原料的短缺，人工合成翡翠的研究逐渐受到关注。本文就高压高温下合成翡翠的时间对其品质影响进行探讨。实验采用溶胶-凝胶法制备合成原料，在1 100~1 500 ℃、4.0~6.0 GPa的高压高温条件下合成1~10 h，实现非晶态向硬玉晶体的转化。合成翡翠样品的基本宝石学特征、红外光谱及紫外-可见光谱与天然翡翠的基本一致。随着合成时间的延长，合成翡翠样品的透明度增加，由微透明向半透明转变；X射线粉末衍射分析表明，合成翡翠中的硬玉衍射峰高而窄, 合成时间越长其结晶纯度越高；SEM及偏光显微镜观察结构特征表明，延长晶化时间有利于晶粒生长、结构致密，有利于获得优质合成翡翠。Abstract: Jadeite is well popular by its gorgeous colour and delicate structure. In recent years, due to the shortage of natural jadeite resource, the researches of synthetic jadeite have attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the authors discussed the effect of holding time of synthesis on the quality of jadeite under high pressure and high temperature. The synthetic raw materials were prepared by sol-gel method and they were transformed into jadeite crystal during 1 100-1 500 ℃ under 4.0-6.0 GPa for 1 to 10 hours. The basic gemmological characteristics, infrared spectra and ultraviolet-visible spectra of the synthetic jadeite samples are almost the same as those of natural jadeite. XRD analysis showed that the crystalline purity of jadeite was higher with the increase of synthesis time, and the longer the holding time period was, the sharper the diffraction peak was. SEM and microscopic observation showed that the longer the holding time period was, the better the crystal growth of jadeite, the more compact the structure of jadeite was, and the better the crystal quality of jadeite was.
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Keywords:
- synthetic jadeite /
- HPHT /
- sol-gel method /
- cystallization time
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图 1 危地马拉绿色翡翠(“玛雅绿”)代表性样品Figure 1. Representative Feicui samples from Guatemala ("Maya green")![]()
图 2 代表性翡翠样品的红外反射光谱Figure 2. Infrared reflection spectra of representative green Feicui samples -
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图 1 溶胶-凝胶法制备合成翡翠原料的过程
a.均匀溶液; b.湿凝胶; c.干凝胶
Figure 1. Preparation process of raw synthetic jadeite material by sol-gel method
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图 6 不同合成时间下合成翡翠样品的透光图
合成时间: a.1 h; b.3 h; c.6 h; d.10 h
Figure 6. Transmittance of synthetic jadeite samples for different time periods
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图 9 标准硬玉和不同合成时间下合成翡翠样品的X射线粉末衍射图
Figure 9. XRD patterns of standard jadeite and synthetic jadeite samples for different time periods
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图 10 不同合成时间下的合成翡翠样品的偏光显微结构
合成时间: a.1 h; b.3 h; c.6 h; d.10 h
Figure 10. Plorizing microstructure of synthetic jadeite samples for different time periods
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图 11 在相同温度压力下、不同合成时间下合成翡翠样品断面的扫描电子显微镜形貌特征
合成时间：a.1 h; b.6 h; c.1 h; d.3 h；e.6 h; f.10
Figure 11. SEM morphology characteristics of synthetic jadeite samples for different time periods under the same temperature and pressure
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图 12 天然和合成翡翠的红外光谱
Figure 12. Infrared spectra of natural jadeite and synthetic jadeite samples
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图 13 合成和天然翡翠的紫外-可见吸收光谱
Figure 13. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of natural jadeite and synthetic jadeite samples
表 1 标准硬玉和不同合成时间下合成翡翠样品的晶胞参数
Table 1 Cell parameters of standard jadeite and synthetic jadeite samples for different time periods
样品 a/Å b/Å c/Å α=γ/(°) β/(°) 晶胞体积/Å3 标准硬玉 9.417 8.562 5.219 90 107.58 401.19 合成翡翠(1 h) 9.421 5.564 5.222 90 107.56 401.76 合成翡翠(3 h) 9.419 8.564 5.222 90 107.55 401.64 合成翡翠(6 h) 9.423 8.565 5.224 90 107.56 401.99 合成翡翠(10 h) 9.420 8.561 5.221 90 107.56 401.66 
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表 2 合成翡翠样品红外光谱中主要基团峰值归属
Table 2 Attribution of infrared spectra of sysnthetic jadeite samples
基团 红外吸收谱带/cm-1 Si-O引起的弯曲振动 530~600 Si-O-Si和O-Si-O引起的对称、不对称伸缩振动 600~1 100 O-Si-O引起的对称伸缩振动 600~950 金属离子与氧(M-O)基团引起的伸缩振动 300~530
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